Abstract
The optimal layout of low-impact development (LID) facilities satisfying annual runoff control for low rainfall expectation is not effective under extreme rainfall conditions and urban waterlogging may occur. In order to avoid the losses of urban waterlogging, it is particularly significant to establish a waterlogging early warning system. In this study, based on coupling RBF-NARX neural networks, we establish an early warning system that can predict the whole rainfall process according to the rainfall curve of the first 20 minutes. Using the predicted rainfall process curve as rainfall input to the rainfall-runoff calculation engine, the area at risk of waterlogging can be located. The results indicate that the coupled neural networks perform well in the prediction of the hypothetical verification rainfall process. Under the studied extreme rainfall conditions, the location of 25 flooding areas and flooding duration are well predicted by the early warning system. The maximum of average flooding depth and flooding duration is 16.5 cm and 99 minutes, respectively. By predicting the risk area and the corresponding flooding time, the early warning system is quite effective in avoiding and reducing the losses from waterlogging.
Highlights
The rapid urbanization process, especially in China, has caused the original green areas to be continuously replaced by gray buildings, and the impervious surface has increased on a large scale
China has developed a new concept of the sponge city based on the ‘low-impact development’ (LID) concept proposed by the USA in the 1990s, which provides a natural and low-impact development approach for urban stormwater management (Ahiablame et al ; Kong et al )
The random number method was adopted to generate a simulated actual rainfall to test the validity of the coupled neural networks
Summary
The rapid urbanization process, especially in China, has caused the original green areas to be continuously replaced by gray buildings, and the impervious surface has increased on a large scale. China has developed a new concept of the sponge city based on the ‘low-impact development’ (LID) concept proposed by the USA in the 1990s, which provides a natural and low-impact development approach for urban stormwater management (Ahiablame et al ; Kong et al ). A series of policies were promulgated by China, including the ‘Sponge City Construction Technology Guide (Trial)’ (Technical Guide ). According to these policies, the annual runoff control rate was used as the control target for the total runoff control of low-impact development. In the optimization research for this study, the annual runoff control rate was selected as the control target
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