Abstract
Abstract Trees are an integral part of the urban green structure, providing a number of beneficial effects exceeding purely architectural and aesthetic functions. However, as growth conditions in cities differ considerably from growth conditions at natural sites, urban tree establishment has always demanded special knowledge and procedures, and urban trees require intensive maintenance in the establishment period after planting. The challenging growth conditions of urban trees are reflected in increased tree mortality rates and reduced tree growth and vitality compared with trees in non-disturbed sites. This paper is a review of selected parts of the establishment process of urban trees, focusing on the difficult sites along streets or in paved areas. It addresses research with regard to the selection of species, preparation of the planting site and provisions that can be taken after planting in order to ensure a fast and safe establishment.
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