Abstract
Currently, the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs) is not clear. As a result, there is no effective treatment for ALDs. One limitation is the lack of a suitable animal model for use in studying ALDs. The tree shrew is a lower primate animal, characterized by a high-alcohol diet. This work aimed to establish a fatty liver model using tree shrews and to assess the animals’ suitability for the study of ALDs. Tree shrews were treated with alcohol solutions (10% and 20%) for two weeks. Hemophysiology, blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolic enzymes and hepatic pathology were checked and assayed with an automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with the normal group, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly enhanced in alcohol-treated tree shrews. However, the activity of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined. Notable changes in alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1), aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH2), CYP2E1, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were observed. HE and oil red O staining showed that hepatocyte swelling, hydropic degeneration, and adipohepatic syndrome occurred in the tree shrews. Alcohol can induce fatty liver-like pathological changes and result in alterations in liver function, oxidative stress factors, alcohol metabolism enzymes and Nrf2. Therefore, the established fatty liver model of tree shrews induced by alcohol should be a promising tool for the study of ALDs.
Highlights
Alcohol abuse has become a serious social problem
Table 1shows the general conditions of tree shrews before and after alcohol feeding for 14 days
The results revealed that alcohol feeding can induce a syndrome of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) in tree shrews, especially at a high alcohol level
Summary
Alcohol abuse has become a serious social problem. Overdrinking is associated with various liver diseases, resulting in a high incidence of disease and mortality due to liver injury [1]. Alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs) are caused by long-term excessive drinking. ALDs present as alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). With continued drinking by the individual, AFLD can progress to alcohol steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, to hepatocellular carcinoma [2]. AFLD is the first stage of ALDs and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ALDs. The evolution of ALDs toward hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer can be effectively prevented if a suitable treatment is undertaken at this stage of AFLD [3]. Much has been reported on AFLD, the underlying pathogenesis is still not clear
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