Establishment of SI-traceable reference ranges for the content of various elements in the IMEP-9 water sample

Abstract

The International Measurement Evaluation Programme (IMEP) attempts to shed light on the current state of the practice in chemical measurements. The main tool, which assists this attempt and also differentiates IMEP from similar projects, is the establishment of SI-traceable reference ranges (where possible) for the elements offered for measurement to the participants for every IMEP round. The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), as the founder and co-ordinator of IMEP has the responsibility of establishing the SI-traceable reference ranges. This is a large task that requires knowledge, skill and resources. IRMM collaborates with a network of reference laboratories in order to achieve the establishment of SI-traceable reference ranges in a transparent and reliable way. The IMEP reference laboratories must have demonstrated experience and have a proven and successful record in the use of primary methods of measurements (mainly isotope dilution mass spectrometry) and the application of uncertainty evaluation according to ISO/BIPM guidelines. In IMEP-9 "trace elements in water", results from 7 reference laboratories (including IRMM) were combined by IRMM to establish SI-traceable ranges for the 15 elements, which were then offered for measurement to the 200 participants worldwide. This paper does not discuss the individual contribution of the reference laboratories (this could be the subject of individual papers) but describes the procedures and criteria used in order to establish the reference ranges for the IMEP-9 samples by combining the individual contributions. All results submitted to IRMM are included, so as to make this publication as realistic as possible.