Abstract
Background: Cephalic index (CI) also called cranial index is the ratio of maximum breadth to a maximum length of head. The purpose of the study was to study anthropometry of cranial parameters using the computed tomography (CT) scans to establish the CI of the sampled population in North India.Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study was carried on the subjects of age group ranging from 6 to 95 years of either sex (total 1000 subjects; 540 male and 460 female) in the radio-diagnosis department of Era’s Medical College Lucknow, UP, India. The measurement of maximum cranial breadth (MCB) and maximum cranial length (MCL) were taken on a CT scan machine and recorded for analysis. When associating the measures of precision for different subgroups, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for modest and efficient errors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting the CI estimation like age, interzygomatic length (IZL), orbital length (OL), MCB, and MCL.Result: Out of 1000 studied subjects, the majority 234 (23.4%) of the subjects belong to the 21-30 years age group. MCB of heads and MCL of heads in different ages and on applying the one-way ANOVA association was statistically significant and CI was statistically insignificant. Pearson correlation between the CI and other parameters like age, MCB of heads, and MCL of heads, and a statistically significant correlation was seen with each other. Dolichocephalic types of the skull are found more in male subjects, and brachycephalic type of skull is more common in female subjects.Conclusion: The average CI of our study was 76.67±3.18. This shows that northern India's dominant head shape, especially in the Lucknow region, was dolichocephaly. Thus, the CT scan is proven an essential modality in the assessment of cranial parameters in anthropometry.
Highlights
Cephalic index (CI), known as the index of breadth or cranial index, is one of the major parameters that help to distinguish between the different races of humans
Cephalic index (CI) called cranial index is the ratio of maximum breadth to a maximum length of head
The computed tomography (CT) scans for facial bones were performed on a 384 slice Dual Energy CT scanner (Somaton Force, Seimens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and all images were post-processed on a workstation using Synovia software (Synovia Solutions, Fort Worth, TX) that allowed analysis of images using three material decompositions
Summary
Cephalic index (CI), known as the index of breadth or cranial index, is one of the major parameters that help to distinguish between the different races of humans. The CI is measured as the breadth of the skull multiplied by 100 and divided by length. CI is classified into three broad categories: dolichocephalic (less than 75), mesaticephalic (75 to 80), and brachycephalic (greater than 80). Australian and native Southern Africans are dolichocephalics, Chinese and European skulls are mesaticephalic, and Andaman Islanders and Mongolians have brachycephalic skulls [3,4]. Cephalic index (CI) called cranial index is the ratio of maximum breadth to a maximum length of head. The purpose of the study was to study anthropometry of cranial parameters using the computed tomography (CT) scans to establish the CI of the sampled population in North India
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