Abstract
The radioactive wastes generated in Brazil are treated and sent to initial and intermediate storages. The “Project RBMN” proposes the implantation of the Brazilian repository to receive and permanently dispose the low and intermediate level radioactive wastes. The CNEN NN 6.09 standard – Acceptance Criteria for Disposal of Low and Intermediate Radioactive Wastes (LIRW) – establishes the fundamental requirements to accept the wastes packages in the repository. The evaporator concentrate is one of liquid wastes generated in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operation and usually it is cemented directly inside the packing. The objective of this research is to increase the amount of the incorporated waste in each package, using the drying process before the cementation, consequently reducing the volume of the waste to be disposed. Drying and cementation parameters were established in order to scale-up the process aiming at waste products that comply with the requirements of CNEN standard. The cementation of the resulting dry wastes was carried out with different formulations, varying the amount of cement, dry waste and water. These tests were analyzed in order to select the best products, with higher waste incorporation than current process and its complying the requirements of the standard CNEN NN 6.09.
Highlights
The production of energy by a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) has advantages over other types of sources
There are 441 power reactors, 63% are PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) type, including the Brazilian ones: Angra 1 and Angra 2, and Angra 3. These NPPs are in the site of Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto – CNAAA [2]
The boron concentration measured in the waste by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) was 0.98%, i.e., the measure was performed only in the supernatant, which confirms the low boron solubility in water
Summary
The production of energy by a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) has advantages over other types of sources. The biggest one is an environmental advantage: it does not use fossil fuels, preventing the gas release, into the atmosphere, which is responsible for increasing global warming and formation of other toxic products. There are 441 power reactors, 63% are PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) type, including the Brazilian ones: Angra 1 and Angra 2 (in operation), and Angra 3 (under construction). These NPPs are in the site of Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto – CNAAA [2]. To control the fission nuclear reactivity, avoiding uncontrolled chain reactions, boron is used as moderator [3]
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