Abstract
Purpose: To date, the qualitative and quantitative recording of biomechanical processes in dental implants represents one of the greatest challenges in modern dentistry. Modern, dynamic, 3D optical measurement techniques allow highly constant and highly accurate measurement of biomechanical processes and can be superior to conventional methods. This work serves to establish a new measurement method. Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis was undertaken for two different measurement systems, two conventional strain gauges versus the 3D optical two-camera measurement system ARAMIS (GOM GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany), as they detected surface changes on an artificial bone block under masticatory force application. Two implants (Straumann Standard Implants Regular Neck, Straumann GmbH, Freiburg, Germany) were placed in the bone block, and three different three-unit bridges were fabricated. Increasing masticatory forces, from 0 to 200 N, were applied to the bone block via each of these bridges and the inserted implants. Fifteen repetitions of the test were performed using a universal testing machine. The computer unit of the ARAMIS system was used to simultaneously integrate the surface changes recorded by the strain gauges and the ARAMIS system. The areas on the bone block examined by the dynamic 3D optical measurement method corresponded exactly to the locations and extent of the strain gauges. A statistical comparative analysis was carried out separately for the strain gauges and the corresponding optical measuring surface at the defined force magnitudes. The equivalence test and the intraclass correlation served as statistical means. Results: In the case of the intraclass correlation, a clear concordance of both measurement methods could be shown for all examined cases. For the equivalence test, no significance could be shown in individual cases. Conclusion: The accuracy of the modern, dynamic, 3D optical measurement method is comparable to that of conventional strain gauges. On this basis, versatile new research approaches in the field of biomechanics of dental implants can be pursued by establishing this method.
Highlights
The aim of this study is to show the comparability between the established method of strain gauges and the ARAMIS system and to introduce this optical, fully digital measurement method in the field of dental biomechanics as a new area of application
Were calculated andforce usedof to100 determine methods was found for the In case of strainintraclass gauge 1 correlation when measuring the bone surface at an applied the concordance between the two measurement methods
For comparison of the optical digital method with an already established method, the measurements performed by the ARAMIS system were compared with measurements from strain gauges taken in parallel
Summary
Understanding and controlling biomechanical influences are essential factors for the long-term success of dental implants [1]. In this context, it is well known that the mechanical creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Stress acting at the junction between implant and bone influences osseointegration [2,3,4]. Research in the literature has examined the transmission of forces from the superstructure to the bone via the implant; the resulting conclusions remain limited [2,9,10]. Complex methods are required to measure the mechanics that occur in a system consisting of the bony implant site, implant, and superstructure (possibly with abutment and screw) [9,10].
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