Abstract
Eysenhardtia platycarpa (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Mexico. Biotechnological studies of its use are lacking. The objective of this work was to establish a cell suspension culture (CSC) of E. platycarpa, determine the phytochemical constituents by spectrophotometric and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) methods, evaluate its antifungal activity, and compare them with the intact plant. Friable callus and CSC were established with 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid plus 0.1 mg/L kinetin. The highest total phenolics of CSC was 15.6 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight and the total flavonoids content ranged from 56.2 to 104.1 µg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weight. The GC‒MS analysis showed that the dichloromethane extracts of CSC, sapwood, and heartwood have a high amount of hexadecanoic acid (22.3–35.3%) and steroids (13.5–14.7%). Heartwood and sapwood defatted hexane extracts have the highest amount of stigmasterol (~23.4%) and β-sitosterol (~43%), and leaf extracts presented β-amyrin (16.3%). Methanolic leaf extracts showed mostly sugars and some polyols, mainly D-pinitol (74.3%). Compared with the intact plant, dichloromethane and fatty hexane extracts of CSC exhibited percentages of inhibition higher for Sclerotium cepivorum: 71.5% and 62.0%, respectively. The maximum inhibition for Rhizoctonia solani was with fatty hexane extracts of the sapwood (51.4%). Our study suggests that CSC extracts could be used as a possible complementary alternative to synthetic fungicides.
Highlights
All treatments had percentages of callus induction greater than 50.0%, regardless of the type of auxins (NAA: naphthaleneacetic acid; 2,4-D: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) or kinetin (KIN) as a cytokinin (Table 1)
We reported the antifungal activity of E. polystachya extracts, in which the defatted hexane extract of cell suspension cultures (CSC) showed 66.0% inhibition for R. solani and was higher than Cercobin, while the fatty hexane extracts had low inhibition [13]
The obtaining of a biotechnological culture of E. platycarpa, the phytochemical profile of cell cultures and intact plant, and its antifungal activity are reported for the first time
Summary
Plant products have formed the basis for many useful pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, and through their rational use, plants can be a potential alternative for obtaining extracts or bioactive compounds to control several diseases in both humans and crops [2,3]. Many of these extracts or compounds are isolated from wild plants, whose collection generally has a negative impact on the environment [4]. Plant cell culture is a biotechnological tool that has the potential to accelerate the production of natural products in a controlled environment; in addition, cell culture provides a renewable source of natural products, since plant cell culture can be produced and harvested at all times of the year [3,4]
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