Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). A sensitive and reliable serological diagnostic assay is required, so laboratories can effectively and quickly detect ASFV infection. The p30 protein is abundantly expressed early in cells and has excellent antigenicity. Therefore, this study aimed to produce and characterize p30 monoclonal antibodies with an ultimate goal of developing a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ASFV antibody detection. Three monoclonal antibodies against p30 protein that were expressed in E. coli were generated, and their characterizations were investigated. Furthermore, a blocking ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody was developed. To evaluate the performance of the assay, 186 sera samples (88 negative and 98 positive samples) were analyzed and a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the cutoff value. Based on the ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.997 (95% confidence interval: 99.2 to 100%). Besides, a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.96% (95% confidence interval: 92.82 to 99.75%) and a specificity of 98.96% (95% confidence interval: 93.83 to 99.97%) were achieved when the cutoff value was set to 38.38%. Moreover, the coefficients of inter- and intra-batches were <10%, indicating the good repeatability of the method. The maximum dilution of positive standard serum detected by this ELISA method was 1:512. The blocking ELISA was able to detect seroconversion in two out of five pigs at 10 Dpi and the p30 response increasing trend through the time course of the study (0–20 Dpi). In conclusion, the p30 mAb-based blocking ELISA developed in this study demonstrated a high repeatability with maximized diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The assay could be a useful tool for field surveillance and epidemiological studies in swine herd.
Highlights
African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious hemorrhage lethal disease of domestic and wild pigs and is responsible for serious economical losses, international trading, and adverse sociophysical impacts [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The identity of the recombinant protein was further confirmed by Western blot analysis using an anti-His monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (Figure 1B) and the ASFVpositive serum (Figure 1C)
To generate anti-p30 mAbs, mice were immunized with recombinant p30 protein
Summary
African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious hemorrhage lethal disease of domestic and wild pigs and is responsible for serious economical losses, international trading, and adverse sociophysical impacts [1,2,3,4,5,6]. It is causing a serious deterioration and incalculable economic impact due to its fast spread. ASFV was first reported in China in August 2018; analysis showed that the causative strain belonged to the p72 genotype II and CD2v serogroup 8 [13, 14]
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