Abstract
For lack of feasible interval values from population differences and potential analytical discrepancies, it is essential to ascertain potassium (K), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) ions reference intervals within Chinese children to fill the gap. Healthy children (n = 1391, 2–<15 years old) were recruited from communities and schools to establish sex- and age-specific serum electrolyte reference intervals of Han children in Changchun, China. Levels of serum K, Na, Cl, Ca, and P were measured using a Hitachi 7600-210 automatic biochemical analyzer. Reference intervals were established according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute EP28-A3c guidelines. Data from five representative hospitals located across Changchun were used to verify pediatric serum electrolyte reference intervals. Values were different from adult reference intervals in China. There were sex-specific differences in Na, Cl, Ca, and P reference intervals in 13-<14 children. Serum Na, Cl, and Ca reference intervals showed stable trends within early age groups but fluctuated in teens. Each serum electrolyte had ≤3 age-specific reference intervals. Five laboratories suggested reference intervals were applicable across Changchun.
Highlights
Clinical interpretation of pediatric medical assessment depends on reliable reference intervals largely which are recognized as “decision supporting tools.” Reference interval is defined as the range between two threshold values, the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of results’ distribution, within which 95% of observations from healthy individuals fall [1, 2]
Serum K, Na, Cl, Ca, and P levels were measured for each study participant
Serum P reference intervals were highest in children aged 2 years and lowest in children aged 14 years in both male and female subjects
Summary
Clinical interpretation of pediatric medical assessment depends on reliable reference intervals largely which are recognized as “decision supporting tools.” Reference interval is defined as the range between two threshold values, the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of results’ distribution, within which 95% of observations from healthy individuals fall [1, 2]. Potential discrepancies in analytical procedures, living habit, environment, etc., reference intervals vary among diagnostic laboratories domestically and aboard. With awareness of this discrepancy rising, pediatric serum electrolytes reference intervals are studied in many countries. Marwaha et al [7] calculated percentiles of ionized calcium, calcium, and phosphate in detail among healthy 6–17 years old Asian-Indian children and stated they all have shown inverse relationship with age. These data vary greatly even in China.
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