Abstract
Out of ~22 million ha cultivated area in Pakistan (lat. 23° 53′ to 36° 49′ N, long. 61° 15′ to 74° 50′ E), 75% is irrigated and 25% rainfed. The soils, mostly alluvial and loess-derived, are alkaline and calcareous, with very low organic matter (<1%). Major cropping systems in the country are cotton-wheat, rice-wheat, and rainfed cropping (wheat, sorghum, maize, peanut, etc.), along with oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits. Unless moisture is a serious constraint (which is true in most parts of rainfed areas), two crops a year is a norm. The country has four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), and Baluchistan. Fertiliser use comprises nitrogen and phosphorus. Soil conditions and agronomic practices are conducive to boron (B) deficiency in plants.
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