Establishment and Characterization of a Human Small Cell Osteosarcoma Cancer Stem Cell Line: A New Possible In Vitro Model for Discovering Small Cell Osteosarcoma Biology.

Gaia Palmini,Cecilia Romagnoli,Roberto Zonefrati,Gigliola Leoncini,Carmelo Mavilia,Alessandro Franchi,Maria Luisa Brandi,Rodolfo Capanna,Alessandra Aldinucci

doi:10.1155/2016/3042198

Gaia Palmini, Cecilia Romagnoli + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3042198

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Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, usually arising in the long bones of children and young adults. There are different subtypes of OSA, among which we find the conventional OS (also called medullary or central osteosarcoma) which has a high grade of malignancy and an incidence of 80%. There are different subtypes of high grade OS like chondroblastic, fibroblastic, osteoblastic, telangiectatic, and the small cell osteosarcoma (SCO). In this study, for the first time, we have isolated, established, and characterized a cell line of cancer stem cells (CSCs) from a human SCO. First of all, we have established a primary finite cell line of SCO, from which we have isolated the CSCs by the sphere formation assay. We have proved their in vitro mesenchymal and embryonic stem phenotype. Additionally, we have showed their neoplastic phenotype, since the original tumor bulk is a high grade osteosarcoma. This research demonstrates the existence of CSCs also in human primary SCO and highlights the establishment of this particular stabilized cancer stem cell line. This will represent a first step into the study of the biology of these cells to discover new molecular targets molecules for new incisive therapeutic strategies against this highly aggressive OSA.

Highlights

IntroductionOSA is one of the most common primary bone tumors which occurs in childhood and in youth [1,2,3]
Inside the heterogeneous group of sarcomas we find the osteosarcoma (OSA)
The output range is from 20% to 30% and it depends on the type and the dimension of the biopsy

Summary

Introduction

OSA is one of the most common primary bone tumors which occurs in childhood and in youth [1,2,3]. The incidence of this cancer is about 2 cases per million persons, per year [4, 5]. Principle sites, which are involved by OSA, are the metaphyseal regions of the long bones of the extremities, characterized by a rapid bone development during the adolescence. Despite the fact that multimodality treatment approach has increased the survival rate from 50% in adults to 70% in children, there is always a large proportion which suffers from recurrences and dissemination of the primary tumor. The survival rate for these people and for whom present micrometastases at the moment of the diagnosis remains poor (

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