Establishing theoretical foundations for predicting the structural and morphological characteristics of diffusion-welded joints of the beryllium–copper composite

Abstract

The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies regarding the quality of diffusion welding of the beryllium–copper composite. Numerical investigations of the parameters of heterodiffusion of diffusants and the thickness of the Be–Cu pair welded joint under varying temperature-time conditions were conducted. The analytical examinations revealed that the thickness of the diffusion weld at the Be–Cu joint varies between 26 and 345 µm, with the temperature increasing from 800 to 1000 °C and the holding time ranging from 20 to 120 min. The calculated layer thickness during the diffusion welding of a Be–Cu pair at 800 °C for 2 h is 65 µm, with 15 µm on the beryllium side and 50 µm on the copper side. Notably, a CuBe3 intermetallic compound zone can form in the diffusion weld, which should be considered an adverse factor that reduces the mechanical properties. To theoretically substantiate the modification of the structure and properties of the diffusion zone, a numerical study of welding was carried out using a 10 μm thick nickel foil spacer, which is readily soluble in beryllium. It was demonstrated that after exposure to temperature-time conditions at 900 °C for 20 min, a 50 µm wide diffusion-bonded joint is formed. Its structure includes two single-phase zones of solid solutions based on copper and beryllium, as well as two two-phase regions consisting of solid solutions hardened with intermetallic compounds. Since the weld lacks structural zones consisting solely of intermetallic compounds (unlike when welding the Be–Cu diffusion pair), there are grounds to anticipate a reduction in the embrittling effect on the weld. The results obtained from the analytical studies can serve as the foundation for a theoretical prediction method for assessing the quality of diffusion welding of the beryllium–copper composite.