Abstract
The Arctic is undergoing rapid environmental and economic transformations. Recent climate warming, which is simplifying access to oil and gas resources, enabling trans‐ Arctic shipping, and shifting the distribution of harvestable resources, has brought the Arctic Ocean to the top of national and international political agendas. Scientific knowledge of the present status of the Arctic Ocean and a process‐based understanding of the mechanisms of change are required to make useful predictions of future conditions throughout the Arctic region.A step toward improving scientists' capacity to predict future Arctic change was undertaken with the Second International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II) meeting in 2005 (http://web.arcticportal.org/iasc/icarp). As the ICARP II process came to a close, the Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) initiative developed out of an effort to synthesize the several ICARP II science plans specific to the Arctic marine environment.
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