Establishing Medical Intelligence-Leveraging Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources to Improve Clinical Management: Retrospective Cohort and Clinical Implementation Study.

Abstract

FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) has been proposed to enable health data interoperability. So far, its applicability has been demonstrated for selected research projects with limited data. This study aimed to design and implement a conceptual medical intelligence framework to leverage real-world care data for clinical decision-making. A Python package for the use of multimodal FHIR data (FHIRPACK [FHIR Python Analysis Conversion Kit]) was developed and pioneered in 5 real-world clinical use cases, that is, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, sepsis, and prostate cancer. Patients were identified based on the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) codes, and outcomes were derived from laboratory tests, prescriptions, procedures, and diagnostic reports. Results were provided as browser-based dashboards. For 2022, a total of 1,302,988 patient encounters were analyzed. (1) Myocardial infarction: in 72.7% (261/359) of cases, medication regimens fulfilled guideline recommendations. (2) Stroke: out of 1277 patients, 165 received thrombolysis and 108 thrombectomy. (3) Diabetes: in 443,866 serum glucose and 16,180 glycated hemoglobin A1c measurements from 35,494 unique patients, the prevalence of dysglycemic findings was 39% (13,887/35,494). Among those with dysglycemia, diagnosis was coded in 44.2% (6138/13,887) of the patients. (4) Sepsis: In 1803 patients, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the primarily isolated pathogen (773/2672, 28.9%) and piperacillin and tazobactam was the primarily prescribed antibiotic (593/1593, 37.2%). (5) PC: out of 54, three patients who received radical prostatectomy were identified as cases with prostate-specific antigen persistence or biochemical recurrence. Leveraging FHIR data through large-scale analytics can enhance health care quality and improve patient outcomes across 5 clinical specialties. We identified (1) patients with sepsis requiring less broad antibiotic therapy, (2) patients with myocardial infarction who could benefit from statin and antiplatelet therapy, (3) patients who had a stroke with longer than recommended times to intervention, (4) patients with hyperglycemia who could benefit from specialist referral, and (5) patients with PC with early increases in cancer markers.