Abstract
Potential factors that influence bone health include genetics, hormones, nutrition, exercise and other life-style factors. These may interact with each other and they can vary in their impact at different time points across the life cycle. This review will first describe the determinants of bone health that play critical roles prenatally, postnatally in early childhood and in adolescence and then discuss the modulatory effects of chronic disease. Optimal skeletal health is not only influenced by bone mass but also bone size, shape and microarchitecture and improved methods of assessing these multiple qualities of bone continue improve our understanding of the determinants of bone health. The proposed benefits of establishing good bone health in children includes a reduced likelihood of fractures and optimization of peak bone mass that may lead to a reduction in the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood. Any proposed intervention needs to consider the multiple factors that may influence bone health as well as the age of the child.
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