Abstract
Marine renewable energy holds strategic potential in Indonesia, not only to meet the target of renewable energy share in the national energy mix but also to provide equal access to clean energy throughout the archipelago. Marine energy in Indonesia is still in the early phase of development, which mainly focusses on resources assessment and power generation through technology prototype testing. Based on a review of available literature, it is found that specific research on the effects of biofouling on material durability of marine energy infrastructure in Indonesia has yet to be addressed. In this study, a matrix that identifies and predicts key fouling organisms and their possible risks on marine renewable energy infrastructure in tropical waters of Indonesia is developed by analysing previous findings in temperate and subtropical waters. Based on the matrix developed, calcareous polychaetes (Serpulidae), barnacles (Amphibalanus spp.), and bivalves (Perna viridis) are among possible key fouling organisms that might pose risks to marine energy infrastructure in Indonesia, such as by adding weight and drag and causing corrosion. Further studies and detailed and statistically robust analysis of the biofouling and its impacts are needed to support the development of the technological performance of marine renewable energy in Indonesia.
Highlights
This analysis implies that the environmental aspects of energy technologies and share of renewable energy in Indonesia require a higher level of attention in order to move towards the targets to be met for minimizing the impact of global warming
Biofouling is mediated by the development of slime layers made by microorganisms which release biochemical cues through a process known as quorum sensing, facilitating the settlement of macro-organisms including barnacles, ascidians and serpulids [25]
Marine renewable energy (MRE) is one of the most promising clean energy sources to be developed for supporting energy provision in Indonesia
Summary
The aggregation of marine fouling organisms on vessel hulls increases the drag resistance causing higher fuel consumption [25,26], which will further escalate greenhouse gas emissions. This problem is a great concern for the shipping industry and other marine related sectors. Corrosion on industrial equipment can be accelerated by the production of slime mass due to development of bacterial biofilms or through oxygen depolarisation released during microbial metabolism that creates electrical potential differences on the surface of metals [32]. Wu et al [33] reported that oxygen depletion occurred in a medium containing both Desulfovibrio sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp. leading to the weakening of corrosion inhibition efficiency in carbon steel
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