Abstract
In this review, we discuss the state of our knowledge as it relates to embryonic brain vascular patterning in model systems zebrafish and mouse. We focus on the origins of endothelial cell and the distinguishing features of brain endothelial cells compared to non-brain endothelial cells, which is revealed by single cell RNA-sequencing methodologies. We also discuss the cross talk between brain endothelial cells and neural stem cells, and their effect on each other. In terms of mechanisms, we focus exclusively on Wnt signaling and the recent developments associated with this signaling network in brain vascular patterning, and the benefits and challenges associated with strategies for targeting the brain vasculature. We end the review with a discussion on the emerging areas of meningeal lymphatics, endothelial cilia biology and novel cerebrovascular structures identified in vertebrates.
Highlights
Normal physiological function of the brain depends upon adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients
Brain endothelial cells (ECs) that line the vasculature are distinct from peripheral ECs in that they are in contact with more cell types in addition to smooth muscle-like mural cells referred to as pericytes
We focus on the brain ECs and its interaction with cell types in the brain in both embryonic and adult life, the underlying mechanisms associated with this process, and the areas of emerging research in the brain
Summary
Normal physiological function of the brain depends upon adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. We focus on the brain ECs and its interaction with cell types in the brain in both embryonic and adult life, the underlying mechanisms associated with this process, and the areas of emerging research in the brain. Clues for brain ECs origin have emerged from studying the expression of a transcription factor Sox2, which is a key regulator of neuronal differentiation and brain development (AmadorArjona et al, 2015).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
