Abstract
This study proposes a push notification system that combines digital real-time learning, roll-call, and feedback collection functions. With the gradually flourishing online real-time learning systems, this research further builds roll-call and feedback functions for students to enhance concentration and provide opinions. Additionally, the lecturers can do a roll call irregularly and randomly through the push notification function, avoiding students logging in but away from the keyboard. Lecturers can also send questions to a specific student or invite all students to answer; the replies can show students' learning performance. The system will store each notification in a database and analyse messages automatically to record roll calls. Moreover, the system can record the time and intervals of student feedback, enabling lecturers to check students' attention and learning conditions. Currently, most online digital systems depend on the lecturer to be responsible for the entire system; taking a roll call and asking questions will consume the lecturer's teaching time and strength. The system developed in this article can do roll calls and feedback by push notifications, reducing lecturers' workload. Furthermore, the roll-call and automatic record functions can save the time of paperwork after a course.
Highlights
The severe impact of the epidemic has forced many in-person classes to transfer into online courses; without teaching assistants, lecturers have to be in charge of teaching materials, software and hardware, and roll calls, which causes heavy workloads
Most online courses have more than 13 students, which contradicts the best student-teacher ratio of 13:1 (Muñoz-Merino et al, 2021), generating worse learning quality and heavier teaching workloads
We propose a system with a push notification function for regular roll calls so that students can respond through push notifications, and teachers can check if students are paying attention
Summary
The severe impact of the epidemic has forced many in-person classes to transfer into online courses; without teaching assistants, lecturers have to be in charge of teaching materials, software and hardware, and roll calls, which causes heavy workloads. E-learning systems enable students to learn anytime and anywhere; teachers can provide one-on-one instruction to enhance learning quality (Kekkonen-Moneta and Moneta, 2002; Ruiz et al, 2006). Online courses have increased rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to worse learning quality (Agarwal et al, 2021), and many online teaching systems do not offer one-on-one instruction functions. E-learning intends to provide students with learning environments anytime and anywhere and enable them to deliver teaching feedback to teachers through online tests and appropriate methods, making lecturers take care of students’ learning conditions with one-on-one instruction. Many free digital platforms can offer online teaching functions; yet, the simplified features fail to provide inter-actions (Wu et al, 2020); students may
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