Abstract
Many regions around the world are characterized by limited water resources, where the average annual per capita renewable water is about 1000 -1700 cubic meters. For instance, in china the problems of water supply are widely known globally. Though, China is facing main problem which is how to distribute water, instead of water shortage in itself. Therefore, restricted resources of water are increasingly stressed in the future by many factors such as excessive clouds of water, pollution and climate change. On the other hand, most studies have been indicated that the agricultural sector is one of the sectors that will face a large water deficit in the future due to the high demand for food, competition for water resources, drought and the high consumption of water due to the acquisition of traditional surface irrigation techniques. In spite of introduce modern irrigation methods such as drip irrigation in agriculture by developing irrigation methods and eliminating old traditional irrigation methods, however, its efficiency is related to the qualifying of farms and users of irrigation water, where they are the main users of irrigation water in water resources management. The considerable challenge facing agriculture is to raise irrigation efficiency depending on water-saving irrigation systems to provide water resources for crops. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide farmers with important points about using drip irrigation technology, to raise their technical level in using irrigation water, through their guidance to the best techniques and to avoid some common mistakes in design, utilization, management and maintenance of drip irrigation system.
Highlights
In recent years, the modern irrigation systems application has taken great section in irrigation techniques and obtained substantial attention in the world, especially in developing countries
In spite of introducing modern irrigation methods such as drip irrigation in agriculture by developing irrigation methods and eliminating old traditional irrigation methods, its efficiency is related to the qualifying of farms and users of irrigation water, where they are the main users of irrigation water in water resources management
The emitters clogging has been a considered as a big problem which is facing drip irrigation systems, since it contains the high level of substances solids and nutrients which are accumulated inside drip lines, especially those related with the domestic or municipal wastewater when utilized in irrigation
Summary
The modern irrigation systems application has taken great section in irrigation techniques and obtained substantial attention in the world, especially in developing countries. The significance of drip irrigation system is that it can provide more water, meet the same requirements of the plants like the other techniques of irrigation systems [1]. The water can only moisten a limited zone that is close, and directly to the plants roots zone. This will avoid several serious plant pathologies such as rotting plant parts (rot diseases) [1]. Whereas water management and effective irrigation systems practices can help preserve farm profitability in the time of limited and high costs for the water supply. Irrigation water is managed to save water supply, to decrease water quality effects, and to increase producer net returns [3]. The objectives of this study were: 1) to identify the most important factors and questions posed by farmers which are regarding the design and management of drip irrigation system, 2) to explain many items about drip irrigation system such as: definition of drip irrigation and its techniques; determination of the advantages of DIS, the components of DIS and its functions; the requirements for designing and effective management of DIS, 3) in addition, to supply drip irrigation system to extension research
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