Essentially closed radical classes

Abstract

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to describe radical classes closed under essential extensions. It turns out that such classes are precisely the homomorphically closed semisimple classes, and hence a radical class is essentially closed if and only if it is subdirectly closed. Moreover, a class is closed under homomorphic images, direct sums and essential extensions if and only if it is an essentially closed radical class. Also radical classes are investigated which are closed under Dorroh essentially extensions only, such a radical class R consists of idempotent rings provided that R does not contain the ring of integers, meanwhile all the other radicals satisfy this requirement. A description of (hereditary and) Dorroh essentially closed radicals is given in Theorem 4.