Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review.

James Curtis Dring,Alicja Forma,Jacek Januszewski,Tomasz Cywka,Grzegorz Buszewicz,Jolanta Flieger,Jacek Baj,Maciej Dobosz,Zuzanna Chilimoniuk,Grzegorz Teresiński

doi:10.3390/nu14010185

James Curtis Dring, Alicja Forma + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010185

Copy DOI

Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Dec 31, 2021
Citations: 18	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Medical University of Lublin

Abstract

Gynecological neoplasms pose a serious threat to women’s health. It is estimated that in 2020, there were nearly 1.3 million new cases worldwide, from which almost 50% ended in death. The most commonly diagnosed are cervical and endometrial cancers; when it comes to infertility, it affects ~48.5 million couples worldwide and the number is continually rising. Ageing of the population, environmental factors such as dietary habits, environmental pollutants and increasing prevalence of risk factors may affect the reproductive potential in women. Therefore, in order to identify potential risk factors for these issues, attention has been drawn to trace elements. Trace mineral imbalances can be caused by a variety of causes, starting with hereditary diseases, finishing with an incorrect diet or exposure to polluted air or water. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding trace elements imbalances in the case of gynecologic cancers as well as female fertility and during pregnancy.

Highlights

Academic Editor: Roberto IaconeA woman’s age is the most important factor in determining her fertility potential, which decreases gradually from, approximately, the age of 32 to accelerated decline after the age of 37
We aimed to summarize the state of current knowledge on trace metals concentration and its association with the fertility and carcinogenesis of the organs of the female reproductive system (Table 2)
This is because selected trace elements constitute the components of chosen regulatory enzymes as well as hormones that enable either differentiation or division of fetal cells during the further development of a fetus

Summary

Introduction

Academic Editor: Roberto IaconeA woman’s age is the most important factor in determining her fertility potential, which decreases gradually from, approximately, the age of 32 to accelerated decline after the age of 37. 20th week of gestation in a female fetus, but after birth, the number gradually decreases from about 1–2 million to 300,000–500,000 in adolescence and 1000 in the average age of menopause with no further neogenesis [4,5]. This is extremely important because there has been a societal shift towards postponed childbirth leading to an increase in permanent involuntary childlessness [6,7]. Various environmental factors such as dietary habits, lifestyle, and environmental pollutants may affect the aging process and function of the human oocytes [8,9]. The control of other modifiable risk factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, stress exposure, and obesity or low weight may contribute to maintaining oocyte quality [10,11]

Objectives

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion