Abstract
Widespread resistance of Anopheles sp. populations to pyrethroid insecticides has led to the search for sustainable alternatives in the plant kingdom. Among many botanicals, there is great interest in essential oils and their constituents. Many researchers have explored essential oils (EOs) to determine their toxicity and identify repellent molecules that are effective against Anopheles populations. Essential oils are volatile and fragrant substances with an oily consistency typically produced by plants. They contain a variety of volatile molecules such as terpenes and terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components and aliphatic components at quite different concentrations with a significant insecticide potential, essentially as ovicidal, larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency, antifeedant, growth and reproduction inhibitors. The current review provides a summary of chemical composition of EOs, their toxicity at different developmental stages (eggs, larvae and adults), their repellent effects against Anopheles populations, for which there is little information available until now. An overview of antagonist and synergistic phenomena between secondary metabolites, the mode of action as well as microencapsulation technologies are also given in this review. Finally, the potential use of EOs as an alternative to current insecticides has been discussed.
Highlights
Malaria, caused mainly by Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a major concern despite many efforts undertaken in vector control strategies
In recent years, various workers have been concentrating their efforts on the search for natural products derived from plants as an alternative to conventional insecticides used in controlling vectors for which resistance was detected [22]
An antagonistic effect between cuminaldehyde and another constituent will be suspected for Cuminum cyminum essential oils (EOs) due to the fact that the cumin blend was less irritant than essential oil
Summary
Malaria, caused mainly by Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a major concern despite many efforts undertaken in vector control strategies. In recent years, various workers have been concentrating their efforts on the search for natural products derived from plants as an alternative to conventional insecticides used in controlling vectors for which resistance was detected [22]. Essential oils (EOs) and their constituents have received considerable attention in the search for new pesticides, and have been found to possess an insecticidal potential [23]. These natural compounds are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for the environment and human health, which explains our interest in their use for a sustainable agriculture and human health. Bioactive components’ interactions, their mode of action and microencapsulation technologies are addressed in this survey
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