Abstract
The extraction of essential oil from Teucrium luteum subsp. flavovirens (TLEO) was carried out using hydrodistillation and three extracting parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology using a central composite design. The optimal conditions for the highest produced yield (0.92%) were found to be a drying period of 7 days, an extraction time of 120 min and a water/plant ratio of 10 ml/g. The antifungal activity was further tested in vitro against Botrytis cinerea-caused apple post-harvest gray mold utilizing poisoned food (PF) and volatile activity (VA) methodologies. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 2 µL/mL in the VA test, while >2 µL/mL in the PF method. Additionally, a molecular docking analysis was performed to predict the inhibitory activities of major constituents of TLEO against the 14 alpha-sterol demethylase enzymes (PDB ID: 1EA1) target. This studied oil can provide good alternatives to synthetic fungicides, to control gray rot and preserve apple quality.
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