Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide; the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) also affects many people worldwide. An important association has been seen in these two diseases that could explain causality and a possible viral etiology of GC as has been seen with Helicobacter pylori. This study aims to identify genes expressed in malignant cells that are infected with EBV and see if one could be more oncogenic than the other. We conducted a systematic review based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We had 29 observational studies after inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment for every single study. A total of 1022 patients were evaluated for different types of genes in 29 papers. It was demonstrated that the most expressed genes or the gene most involved were genes that are seen in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) as latent genes of the EBV-infected cells, which are found in tumor cells. The genes that were mostly involved were LMP2, BNLF2a, and the absence of LMP1 that lead to the expression of BARF1, among other genes. These studies were made on mostly Asian populations, so it is still unknown if these genes involved have a geographical association more than an EBV and GC association.
Highlights
BackgroundEpstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is 10% of all gastric carcinomas, representing the fifth-most common cancer worldwide and the third-most deadly cancer [1, 2].Received 08/31/2020 Review began 09/23/2020 Review ended 11/02/2020 Published 11/21/2020Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease that is associated with several risk factors that could contribute to the cause of this disease
It was demonstrated that the most expressed genes or the gene most involved were genes that are seen in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) as latent genes of the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-infected cells, which are found in tumor cells
The search results focused on observational studies that discussed specific genes that were expressed in EBVaGC
Summary
Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease that is associated with several risk factors that could contribute to the cause of this disease. This cancer has been linked to the presence of Helicobacter pylori, which suggests an infectious etiology related to this malignancy [1]. It has been distinguished by developing malignancy of lymphoid and epithelial origin [5, 6]. This virus can remain latent in the B lymphocytes of the infected individual [4]
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