Abstract
The main source which causes kidney diseases is Diabetic Nephropathy, consider as a causative factor leading to significant morbidity and death rate among diabetic patients. The developments of disease risk factors seen in DN are strongly concerned with genetic factors in diabetic patients which eventually develop kidney disease. Numerous genetic factors that are considered to be a risk variant and each possess an insignificant effect, and they are collectively involved in causing disease. The vulnerability loci of several genes like MTHFR, ACE, FRMD3, GLUTI, and TNF-α, eNOS, VGFR, UMOD and RAGE are suspected for developing diabetic nephropathy which is eventually increasing several times. Evolving works in current research recommending that the mutable genetic risk factors associated with DN. In this article mainly highlights the four major genes ACE, TNF-α, UMOD and NOS3, identification of those novel genes can be used as prognostic biomarkers for screening and better understanding of DN pathogenesis
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