Abstract
In this article, we present conductivities (Λ), densities () and viscosities (η) of Hept4NI in o-toluidine, o-xylene and 2-nitrotoluene at 298.15 K. Limiting molar conductivity (Λ0), association constant (KA) and distance of the closest approach of the ions (R) for Hept4NI in 2-nitrotoluene have been evaluated using the Fuoss conductance equation. The Walden product and Gibb’s energy change are obtained and discussed. Deviation of the conductometric curves (Λ vs. √c) from linearity for Hept4NI in o-toluidine and o-xylene indicates triple-ion formation, therefore the corresponding conductance data have been analysed by the Fuoss–Kraus theory of triple ions. Observed molar conductivities have been explained by the ion-pair (M+ + X− ↔ MX) and triple-ion (2 M+ + X− ↔ M2X+, M+ + 2X− ↔ MX2−) formation. Limiting apparent molar volumes (), experimental slopes () derived from the Masson equation and viscosity A and B-coefficients using the Jones–Dole equation have been interpreted in terms of ion–ion and ion–solvent interactions, respectively.
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