Essential fatty acid deficiency affects the fatty acid composition of the rat small intestinal and colonic mucosa differently

Abstract

The intestinal mucosal fatty acid (FA) composition was investigated in Sprague–Dawley rats after 7 and 23 weeks on an isocaloric diet with qualitatively different essential fatty acid (EFA) composition. For comparison, serum and red blood cell (RBC) membranes were investigated in parallel. The molar percentage of most FAs differed significantly between serum and RBC membranes both in controls and rats fed an EFA deficient (EFAD) diet. The influence of the EFA diet was similar on serum and RBC membrane phospholipids except for arachidonic acid (AA) which was more markedly decreased in serum than in RBC membranes. The FA composition was similar in ileal and colonic mucosa, markedly differing from the jejunal mucosa, in which the AA concentration was lower (13.0±0.8 versus 16.8±0.5 and 15.7±2.8 mol%) and the linoleic acid (LA) concentration higher (34.0±1.6 versus 17.8±1.3 and 15.5±2.8 mol%, respectively). The EFAD diet induced a more than five-fold decrease in the jejunal and ileal concentration of LA from 33.9±1.6 to 6.0±1.5 mol% and 17.8±1.3 to 2.1±0.7 mol%, respectively. AA decreased more in the ileal and colonic mucosa than in the jejunum. The changes in the FA composition of the intestinal compartments after EFAD diet were different from that in serum and RBC membranes, and did not further change after 23 weeks compared to 7 weeks after introduction of the diet. The study shows that dietary influences are tissue specific and serum or RBC membranes do not mirror local changes in any of the different intestinal segments.