Abstract
The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron-scattering facility funded and supported in collaboration with 13 European countries in Lund, Sweden. Cryogenic cooling at ESS is vital particularly for the linear accelerator, the hydrogen target moderators, a test stand for cryomodules, the neutron instruments and their sample environments. The paper will focus on the control system design for the different cryogenic subsystems, hardware and software selected, industry and in-house development, advantages and disadvantages of the chosen setup and operational experience. There is also a lessons learned, feedback from providers and stakeholders and an outlook for further development described.
Highlights
Introduction and system overviewESS cryogenics system The European Spallation Source (ESS) requires cryogenic services in all major technical parts of the machine – in the Accelerator for the superconducting cavities, in the Target System for neutron moderators and in the Neutron Instrument suites for sample environments
As the cryogenic consumers have very different technical requirements and schedule demands, it was decided at an early stage to provide cryogenic cooling with three independent helium refrigeration plants: the Accelerator Cryoplant (ACCP), the Target
The second subsystem contains the main components of the hydrogen circuit which includes two cryogenic circulators, a thermal pressure control buffer with heating elements and valves, a hydrogen ortho-to-para converter and hydrogen-to-helium heat exchangers that represents the physical interface with the Target Moderator Cryogenic Plant (TMCP)
Summary
ESS cryogenics system The European Spallation Source (ESS) requires cryogenic services in all major technical parts of the machine – in the Accelerator for the superconducting cavities, in the Target System for neutron moderators and in the Neutron Instrument suites for sample environments. The cryogenic system is a mix of closed loop and open loop systems, commercially obtained plants as well as in-kind delivered cryostats and equipment, comprising vast cold and warm distribution, cold and warm storage tanks, purification and other auxiliary equipment It has been described in a number of papers as for instance in [1, 2]. Based on the needs at ESS and the estimated lead time for having them at site, installing and commissioning them they were specified at very different times and maturity levels of the ESS controls set-up For this reason we can see an evolution of the specific approach regarding scope split and software tools used for the cryo controls of each subsystem. As the cryogenic consumers have very different technical requirements and schedule demands, it was decided at an early stage to provide cryogenic cooling with three independent helium refrigeration plants: the Accelerator Cryoplant (ACCP), the Target
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