ESR Method in Monitoring of Nanoparticle Endocytosis in Cancer Cells.

Ryszard Krzyminiewski,Bart Krist,Bernadeta Dobosz,Hans A.R Bluyssen,Grzegorz Schroeder,Joanna Kurczewska

doi:10.3390/ijms21124388

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles are extensively studied for their use in diagnostics and medical therapy. The behavior of nanoparticles after adding them to cell culture is an essential factor (i.e., whether they attach to a cell membrane or penetrate the membrane and enter into the cell). The present studies aimed to demonstrate the application of electron spin resonance (ESR) as a suitable technique for monitoring of nanoparticles entering into cells during the endocytosis process. The model nanoparticles were composed of magnetite iron (II, III) oxide core functionalized with organic unit containing nitroxide radical 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL). The research studies included breast cancer cells, as well as model yeast and human microvascular endothelial cells. The results confirmed that the ESR method is suitable for studying the endocytosis process of nanoparticles in the selected cells. It also allows for direct monitoring of radical cellular processes.

Highlights

Nanomaterials are often a research object for their use in diagnostics and medical therapy [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles as potential materials for use in medical imaging [7,8], magnetic hyperthermia [9,10,11], and drug delivery carriers [12,13] are of great interest
The objective of this paper was to demonstrate the application of electron spin resonance as a suitable method to study interactions of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with various types of cells, including cancer cells

Summary

Introduction

Nanomaterials are often a research object for their use in diagnostics and medical therapy [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles as potential materials for use in medical imaging [7,8], magnetic hyperthermia [9,10,11], and drug delivery carriers [12,13] are of great interest. A fundamental issue considered in the application of new potential drug carriers based on nanomaterials is their ability to penetrate the cell membrane. The number of nanoparticles entering a cell and the ability of process monitoring is crucial for the practical application of nanodrugs in medical therapy. Nanoparticles functionalized with free radicals (spin labels) can be characterized by ESR, giving detailed information about the magnetic core and attached radicals at the surface [22,24,25]. ESR might be a more preferred method for iron oxide nanoparticle monitoring compared to microscopical observation

Objectives

Results

Conclusion