Abstract
Nonlinear excitations such as solitons and polarons in conjugated polymers carry spins. In this case electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) provide unique methods to determine their wave functions. In this review article, the case of solitons in polyacetylene, CHx, and polarons in an electroluminescent polymer, poly(paraphenylene vinylene) (PPV) are discussed as typical examples. High-resolution proton ENDOR spectra, obtained with stretch-oriented samples, yield the half extension of the excitations of 18 carbon atoms and 4 phenyl rings for CHx and PPV, respectively. These extensions are well described by the theories in the case of finite electron correlation. In addition, light-induced ESR technique is shown to be useful in obtaining site-selective information of spin distribution in the case of PPV derivatives, as well as the excitation spectra of polarons.
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