Abstract
Aerobic living systems use oxygen (O2) for energy production. However, O2 can become toxic due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
 ROS have complex cell signaling functions, but under an uncontrolled increase in their production, oxidative
 stress (OS) results, which can cause damage to cellular structures (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). Faced with an oxidative attack, the cell must establish a rapid and efficient antioxidant response to prevent or remove damage to a target molecule. Thus, cells possess an antioxidant system that allows them to modulate ROS levels and achieve redox homeostasis. This article reviews and discusses the basic concepts regarding ROS and antioxidant defenses.
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