Abstract
Prophylactic vaccines against high risk HPV has become important because of the high oncogenic potential of the virus and its association with cervical cancer development, one of the most common and fatal cancers among women worldwide. The objective of this article is describe the state of the art of the current prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccines, analyzing their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and scientific reports on its use and safety in the population. A systematic revision of the latest advances in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HPV was performed. Prophylactic vaccination is effective and essential for the prevention of uterine cervical cancer; new therapeutic vaccines have been shown at the initial phases to be promising contributing in the regression of premalignant or malignant in situ lesions.
Highlights
Prophylactic vaccines against high risk HPV has become important because of the high oncogenic potential of the virus and its association with cervical cancer development, one of the most common and fatal cancers among women worldwide
Recientemente, el uso de vacunas profilácticas contra los VPH de alto riesgo (VPH-AR)-16 y -18 ha adquirido mayor importancia, pero es importante mencionar acerca de los hechos ocurridos en el Carmen de Bolívar (Bolívar, Colombia) que generaron gran incertidumbre y dudas en los colombianos con respecto a la aplicación y seguridad sobre la vacunacion contra VPH, dado que más de 500 niñas que fueron vacunadas presentaron una variedad de síntomas que han sido descritos por varios autores como “Evento Psicogénico Masivo”, ya que no hay evidencia suficiente sobre su relación con la vacuna pero que al ser altamente difundido en los medios de comunicación ha generado efectos nocivos para el programa nacional de vacunación[8,9]
Esta vacuna tiene ciertas desventajas en cuanto a costos, la no generación de protección cruzada contra todos los VPH de alto riesgo (VPH-AR) y la falta de efectividad en individuos previamente infectados con VPH, lo que ha encaminado a la creación de nuevas vacunas terapéuticas que aunque se encuentran en ensayos preclínicos y fases clínicas tempranas han demostrado ser promisorias en la regresión de lesiones asociadas a esta infección viral, convirtiendose además en una promisoria terapia complementaria a los tratamientos oncologicos actuales
Summary
Prophylactic vaccines against high risk HPV has become important because of the high oncogenic potential of the virus and its association with cervical cancer development, one of the most common and fatal cancers among women worldwide.
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