Abstract
Abstract Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that achieves two purposes simultaneously, waste treatment to control environmental pollution and the recovery and valorization of by-products generated: methane as a source of renewable energy and digestate for agricultural purposes. To determine the methane production capability, the anaerobic biodegradability of an organic substrate, the selection of potential substrates and inoculums and the performance prediction of full-scale digesters, bench scale procedures as Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test, are performed. This article shows a refection on different aspects related to this important test, such as the diversity in the experiment denomination, the different modifcations in operational and experimental conditions, the different use of measurement units, the required equations for methane quantifcation, among others, these have given place to various methodological approaches which differ in conditioning factors for its application and comparison with results of other studies. With this refection, the usefulness of this assay and the need to standardize it is ratifed. Therefore, the experimental and operational conditions and the appropriate units should be reported, to avoid methodological confusion and permit a greater reproducibility. Additionally, it is recommended to deepen in the methodological analyses of different measurement methods to obtaining comparable results. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, anaerobic biodegradability, biochemical methane potential - BMP, organic waste.
Highlights
Cita: Cárdenas-Cleves LM, Parra-Orobio BA, Torres-Lozada P; Vásquez-Franco CH
The required equations for methane quantification, among others, these have given place to various methodological approaches which differ in conditioning factors for its application and comparison with results of other studies
Digestión anaerobia de residuos La digestión anaerobia (DA) es un proceso bioquímico realizado por la acción conjunta de varios grupos de microorganismos encargados de transformar bajo condiciones de ausencia de oxígeno molecular, material orgánico complejo como carbohidratos, proteínas y lípidos en moléculas de menor peso como los azúcares, aminoácidos y ácidos grasos volátiles (AGVs) que son solubles en agua
Summary
Réplicas y control: El ensayo de PBM se realiza generalmente en reactores en batch cuyo volumen total puede variar entre 100mL y 2L [7]; el volumen útil corresponde a la fases sólida-líquida y el volumen libre a la fase gaseosa, el cual se requiere para el almacenamiento de los gases generados y el depósito de reactivos para la captura del CO2. Rozzi et al [28] y Souto et al [29] indican que a medida que se reduce el volumen libre, los valores del PBM se incrementan debido a que hay mayor cantidad de sustrato en la fase líquida; sin embargo, se pueden presentar interferencias en la medición cuando se emplea el método manométrico considerando la presión de funcionamiento de los equipos; en este sentido Ortiz [30] recomienda que el volumen libre debe estar entre 20 al 25% del volumen total del reactor. Ajuste de pH y alcalinidad: Para el ensayo de PBM el pH debe estar cercano a la neutralidad, con valores entre 7,0 y 7,8 unidades, con el fin de garantizar la actividad metabólica de los microorganismos más sensibles que son las arqueas metanogénicas [35,36]. Fuente: [7,21,37]
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