Abstract
Esophageal self-expandable stents were introduced into clinical practice in the early 1990s and are now frequently placed to palliate dysphagia in patients with benign and malignant esophageal obstruction. 1 van Heel N.C. Haringsma J. Winhoven B.P. et al. Endoscopic removal of self-expandable metal stents from the esophagus (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 74: 44-50 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar , 2 Baron T.H. Expandable stents in the treatment of esophageal obstruction UpToDate 2012. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/expandable-stents-in-the-treatment-of-esophageal-obstruction?source=search_result&search=esophageal+stents&selectedTitle=1%7E41 Google Scholar , 3 Schembre D. Advances in esophageal stenting: the evolution of fully covered stents for malignant and benign disease. Adv Ther. 2010; 27: 413-425 Crossref PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar In addition, esophageal stents are often are used to facilitate healing of fistulas, perforations, and anastomotic leaks. 4 Swinnen J. Eisendrath P. Rigaux J. et al. Self-expandable metal stents for the treatment of benign upper GI leaks and perforations. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 73: 890-899 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (136) Google Scholar , 5 van Boeckel P.G. Sijbring A. Vleggaar F.P. et al. Systematic review: temporary stent placement for benign rupture or anastomotic leak of the oesophagus. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 33: 1292-1301 Crossref PubMed Scopus (179) Google Scholar Although placement of esophageal stents is technically easy and safe, these stents are quite expensive, and spontaneous stent migration often requires repeat endoscopy for removal of the migrated stent and placement of a new stent. 6 Knyrim K. Wagner H.J. Bethge N. et al. A controlled trial of an expansile metal stent for palliation of esophageal obstruction due to inoperable cancer. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 1302-1307 Crossref PubMed Scopus (726) Google Scholar , 7 Kozarek R.A. Raltz S. Brugge W.R. et al. Prospective multicenter trial of esophageal Z-stent placement for malignant dysphagia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996; 44: 562-567 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (155) Google Scholar , 8 Martinez J.C. Puc M.M. Quiros R.M. Esophageal stenting in the setting of malignancy. ISRN Gastroenterol. 2011; 2011: 719575 PubMed Google Scholar
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