Abstract
Introduction: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignant disease with low survival rates and limited treatment options in the later stages. The epidemiological situation in developed countries tends to improve. However, in most states, including the Russian Federation, the situation remains in critical condition.Epidemiology of EC: Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant disease. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in 2018, 572 thousand new cases of RP were registered in the world (3.2 % of the total number of malignant disease). In 2018, 508.6 thousand deaths from cancer were recorded in the world (5.3 % of the total number of deaths from cancer, 6th place) [1].EC risk factors: The following factors play an important role in the etiology of squamous EC:1. Diet (nitrites, hot food and drinks, insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals with food).2. Tobacco and alcohol use are independent risk factors, but when combined with others, they increasethe risk of the disease.3. Achalasia of the cardia.4. Burns of the esophagus.5. Autosomal dominant diseases characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms of the hands and feet.The risk of developing EC reaches 37 % [2].6. Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 causes a risk of EC in 37 % of patients.Diagnostic methods: Traditional methods for the diagnosis of EC are: esophagogastroduodenosocpy with biopsy, endoscopic ultrasound with puncture biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes, computed tomography of the chest and abdominal organs (including contrast), magnetic resonance imaging of the chest cavity (including with contrasting), positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (including combined with computed tomography).
Highlights
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignant disease with low survival rates and limited treatment options in the later stages
the situation remains in critical condition
572 thousand new cases of RP were registered in the world
Summary
В том числе и в Российской Федерации, ситуация остается в критическом состоянии. Новых случаев РП (3,2 % от общего числа злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО)). 2. Курение табака и употребление алкоголя являются независимыми факторами риска, однако в сочетании с другими увеличивают риск возникновения заболевания. Ключевые слова: рак пищевода, эпидемиология, факторы риска, лучевая диагностика, комбинированные методы. Для цитирования: Гладилина И.А., Трякин А.А., Захидова Ф.О., Малихова О.А., Иванов С.М., Кравец О.А. Рак пищевода: эпидемиология, факторы риска и методы диагностики. Сбор статистических данных по раку пищевода (РП), изучение закономерностей распространения болезни во времени, по территориям и среди различных групп населения помогают определить медицинскую и социально-экономическую значимость болезни во всем мире, а также в Российской Федерации. Факторы риска позволяют выявить ве роятность возникновения болезни, позволяя реализовать программы профилактики и лечения РП
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