Abstract
Intense rainfalls generate runoffs which are major constituents of flooding in river basins. Runoff impacts are negative due, among other reasons, to soil erosion, transport of chemical species harmful to the aquatic environment and reduction of water storage in aquifers. This study aims to quantify the runoff and drainage of water in the soil, for different intensities of rainfall and agricultural management of soil. The experiment was conducted in two lysimeters, with 1 m2 of surface area, equipped with a device to collect runoff and drainage at 1 m depth. One lysimeter is cultivated in a no tillage system and the other in conventional tillage. The intensity of precipitation obtained with simulated rainfall ranged from 29.6 to 127.5 mm/h. We monitored the surface flow and drainage and soil moisture. The lysimeter with no tillage produced less runoff and greater flow drainage, resulting in higher infiltration and lower volume of water stored in the soil profile. The changes on the surface due to soil disturbance in the lysimeter with conventional tillage caused a delayed response to runoff
Highlights
Maiores valores dos coeficientes de infiltração e o de drenagem no lisímetro plantio direto refletem em menor capacidade de armazenamento de água na camada não saturada do solo
Lecture Notes in Physics, v. 600, p.75—92, 2002
Summary
Chuvas intensas são geradoras de escoamentos superficiais, os quais são constituintes principais de enchentes em bacias hidrográficas. As alterações da superfície devido ao revolvimento do solo no lisímetro com plantio convencional provocaram um retardo na resposta ao escoamento superficial. Os fluxos da água na superfície e no perfil do solo são resultados das relações entre a intensidade da precipitação e a capacidade de infiltração da camada superficial do solo (LAL e SHUKLA, 2004). Nos sistemas cultivados com o plantio convencional, o revolvimento do solo proporciona aumento da rugosidade e aumenta o tempo de resposta para iniciar efetivamente o escoamento superficial, devido à criação de empoçamentos (DARBOUX e HUANG, 2005; FOX et al, 1998). O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender os processos físicos envolvidos nas variáveis de escoamento superficial e de drenagem profunda obtidos em lisímetros volumétricos de drenagem sob simulação de chuva, cultivados com sistemas de plantio e de manejos do solo distintos
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