Abstract
Highly efficient drug delivery systems with excellent tumor selectivity and minimal toxicity to normal tissues remain challenging for tumor treatment. Although great effort has been made to prolong the blood circulation and improve the delivery efficiency to tumor sites, nanomedicines are rarely approved for clinical application. Bacteria have the inherent properties of homing to solid tumors, presenting themselves as promising drug delivery systems. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a commonly used probiotic in clinical practice. Its facultative anaerobic property drives it to selectively colonize in the hypoxic area of the tumor for survival and reproduction. EcN can be engineered as a bacteria-based microrobot for molecular imaging, drug delivery, and gene delivery. This review summarizes the progress in EcN-mediated tumor imaging and therapy and discusses the prospects and challenges for its clinical application. EcN provides a new idea as a delivery vehicle and will be a powerful weapon against cancer.
Highlights
Introduction and Carolina de Aguiar FerreiraAt present, traditional chemotherapy shows unsatisfactory clinical efficacy due to the low tumor accumulation and severe side damage to normal tissues
Conventional nanomedicine has made significant progress in improving tumor accumulation, most of the nanoparticles are captured by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), with only 0.7%
After oral administration or intraperitoneal injection of inducer L-arabinose, the expression of reporter gene luciferase in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) colonized tumor reached its maximum after 6 h and stopped when
Summary
Traditional chemotherapy shows unsatisfactory clinical efficacy due to the low tumor accumulation and severe side damage to normal tissues. The most significant hurEcN is a facultative anaerobic organism that proliferates mainly in the interface bedle is clinical safety and effectiveness Many bacteria, such as S. typhimurium and Listeria tween the necroticare and hypoxic regions ofoften tumors [22]the and exists of in the richvirulence oxygengenes areas [23], monocytogenes, human pathogens that require deletion expanding their potential applications for various tumor types. After oral administration or intraperitoneal injection of inducer L-arabinose, the expression of reporter gene luciferase in EcN colonized tumor reached its maximum after 6 h and stopped when. Precise regulation of the ECN number to control its proliferation in the tumor and expression of therapeutic agents will be of great significance to achieve spatiotemporal and quantitative imaging and treatment response. Regulating the expression of bacteria may be a more practical means
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