Abstract
Escherichia coli virulence factors
Highlights
Escherichia coli was described in 1885 by a German pediatrician, Theodor Escherich, in the faeces of a child suffering diarrhoea
Today the E. coli species is subdivided into several pathogenic strains causing different intestinal, urinary tract or internal infections and pathologies, in animal species and in humans
Since this congress topic is the interaction between E. coli and the mucosal immune system, the purpose of this manuscript is to present different classes of adhesins, the type 3 secretion system, and some toxins produced by E. coli, that can directly interact with the epithelial cells of the intestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts
Summary
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae that was described in 1885 by a German pediatrician, Theodor Escherich (1857–1911) in the faeces of a child suffering diarrhoea (Escherich, 1885). While many strains occur as commensal members of the microbiota in the intestinal tract of animals and humans, some strains are, important pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from self-limiting to life-threatening intestinal and extra-intestinal illnesses (Sussman, 1997; Wray and Woodward, 1997; Kaper et al, 2004; Nataro et al, 2011) This was a puzzling observation at the time, because according to the Koch’s postulates (Koch, 1884), one bacterial species was either pathogen or not. NTEC: CNF 1 or CNF2, ␣Hly; fimbrial (Pap/Prs, Sfa/F1C and/or F17) and/or afimbrial adhesins (AFA family); siderophores, resistance to complement. Genetics Chromosome including pathogenicity islands (CNF1,␣Hly, Pap/Prs, Sfa/F1C, F17, Afa, siderophores); plasmids (CNF2, F17, Afa, siderophores, resistance to complement) hypersecretion of electrolytes and water by enterocytes of domestic animals and humans, enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) invading the enterocytes of humans and primates, and enteropathogenic E. coli belonging to specific serotypes, pathogenic for humans, but whose virulence properties were still unknown at the time. Virulence NTEC (mammals): CNF 1 or CNF2, ␣Hly; fimbrial (Pap/Prs, Sfa/F1C and/or F17) and/or afimbrial adhesins (AFA family); siderophores, resistance to complement APEC (Avian Pathogenic E. coli): fimbrial (F1, Pap/Prs, Sfa/F1C and/or F17) and/or afimbrial adhesins (AFA family); siderophores, resistance to complement Others (all): ␣Hly; siderophores, resistance to complement
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