Escherichia coli Producing Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) from Domestic Camels in the Canary Islands: A One Health Approach.

Isabel Carvalho,Margarita González-Martín,María Teresa Tejedor-Junco,Juan Alberto Corbera,Gilberto Igrejas,Patrícia Poeta,Carmen Torres,Vanessa Silva

doi:10.3390/ani10081295

Abstract

This work aimed to determine the carriage rate of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli as well as their genetic characteristics in camels from the Canary Islands, Spain. Fecal samples were recovered from 58 healthy camels from Gran Canaria (n = 32) and Fuerteventura Islands (n = 26) during July 2019. They were seeded on MacConkey (MC) agar no supplemented and supplemented (MC + CTX) with cefotaxime (2 µg/mL). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion test (CLSI, 2018). The presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM,blaCMY-2 and blaOXA-1/48 genes was tested by PCR/sequencing. Furthermore, the mcr-1 (colistin resistance), tetA/tetB (tetracycline resistance), int1 (integrase of class 1 integrons) and stx1,2 genes were analyzed. Phylogenetic groups and sequence types were determined by specific-PCR/sequencing for selected isolates. E. coli was obtained from all the 58 camels in MC media (100%) and in five of them in MC + CTX media (8.6%). Furthermore, 63.8% of E. coli isolates recovered from MC agar were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. The five E. coli isolates recovered from MC + CTX media were characterized and two of them were ESBL-producers (3.4%). Both ESBL-producer isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene and belonged to the lineages ST3018 (phylogroup A) and ST69 (phylogroup B1). The 3 ESBL-negative isolates recovered from MC-CTX plates were ascribed to phylogroup-B1. Camels can be a source of ESBL-producer bacteria, containing the widespread blaCTX-M-15 gene associated with the lineages ST3018 and ST69.

Highlights

IntroductionDifferent studies have been published in Europe regarding antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in wild animals [1,2,3,4], pets [5,6,7,8,9] and humans [10,11,12,13].The excessive and sometimes inappropriate antibiotic use in both human and veterinary medicine has been considered as one of the main contributors of the selection and dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria [14,15]
Characteristics of E. coli Isolates Obtained in Non-Supplemented Media (MC)
This study demonstrated that camels could become a source of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates associated with recent clones ST3018 and ST69

Summary

Introduction

Different studies have been published in Europe regarding antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in wild animals [1,2,3,4], pets [5,6,7,8,9] and humans [10,11,12,13].The excessive and sometimes inappropriate antibiotic use in both human and veterinary medicine has been considered as one of the main contributors of the selection and dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria [14,15]. In the case of camels, diarrhea and other infectious diseases are considered to be the main causes of economic loss associated with poor growth, medication costs, and animal death [19]. In the last few years, the number of researches on the epidemiology of MDR bacteria has increased in both hospital and community settings around the world, with special attention to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC), and carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae [20]. The genes encoding these enzymes are frequently plasmid-located and can be horizontally transferred to other bacteria [21]

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Results

Conclusion