ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012

he ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The ESC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy and/or ambiguity between the ESC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the ESC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the ESC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and
\naccurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the ESC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.

The issues of epidemiology, pathophysiology and basic principles of treatment of chronic heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are considered. Attention is paid to both means of glycemic correction and treatment of chronic heart failure directly, taking into account the effectiveness, cardiovascular safety of drugs, as well as their impact on the course and prognosis of chronic heart failure. The results of randomized clinical trials to study the effectiveness of various groups of drugs for the treatment of chronic heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are presented. It is indicated that the overall goal of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is to achieve and maintain glycemic control, as well as to reduce the risk of long-term complications, in particular chronic heart failure. The goal of chronic heart failure treatment is to improve the clinical condition and quality of life of patients, to reduce the frequency of hospitalizations and mortality. The appointment of some groups of hypoglycemic drugs has a neutral or negative effect on the course and prognosis of chronic heart failure, so their use is limited or not recommended in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure. The emphasis is on those classes of drugs that have demonstrated significant advantages in influencing the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with other drugs, namely, inhibitors of the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter type 2 and angiotensin receptor inhibitors II and neprilisin (sacubitril / valsartan). Experts call such classes of drugs as sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter type 2, angiotensin receptor inhibitors II and neprilisin, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and beta-blockers as the "Fantastic Four", given the significant positive effect of their combined use on the course and prognosis of chronic heart failure. Modern approaches to the treatment of chronic heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are based on the updated guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, as well as on the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association for the classification, prevention and treatment of heart failure in patients with diabetes. Conclusion. The most important achievements in recent years, which have significantly improved the treatment outcomes of patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, include: the development of new classes of drugs; conducting large-scale randomized clinical trials that demonstrated the benefits of certain groups of drugs in terms of their impact on the development, course and prognosis of chronic heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and updated comprehensive and balanced therapy for these patients

Un-Break My Heart

chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex and prevalent disease affecting 2% of adults in developed countries. This number increases to 6–10% in adults over the age of 65 ([3][1], [8][2]), and on diagnosis, half of all CHF patients die within 4 years ([11][3]). In addition to the significant

Meta-Analysis Assessing the Cardiovascular Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors According to Baseline Treatment of Interest

ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 : The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC

Background Chronic heart failure is the main critical illness and cause of death in the later stages of cardiovascular disease, and it is one of the two major challenges in the field of cardiovascular research. The clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure has been relatively common in China, and the “Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine” has been published in China. Combining the literature in this field, the authors found that Zhigancao Decoction has been used in the treatment of chronic heart failure with more clinical research reports and higher frequency (this article refers to it as a high-frequency prescription for short). However, Zhigancao Decoction was not included in the recommended prescriptions in the “Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,” and there was no relevant systematic review and meta-analysis. For this reason, this article has carried out two parts of work, including systematically organizing the literature in this research field and carrying out systematic review and meta-analysis. This can provide stronger evidence support for Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure and provide a new option for the improvement and update of the “Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.” Methods This article used the bibliometric method to investigate the research articles on the treatment of chronic heart failure with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine and analyzed the high-frequency prescriptions which are used and reported frequently. In addition, we also used manual and computer-aided search methods, the search scope includes CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, SinoMed, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, and the search content is the clinical randomized control of Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure trials (RCTs). The search period is from the establishment of the database to January 29, 2021. The literature was managed and screened by EndNote software; the quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the modified Jadad scale, and the risk bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool; the results of the included studies were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 software; the sources of heterogeneity between the studies were analyzed using Stata16.0 software for sensitivity analysis. Results According to the bibliometric analysis, the maximum number of research reports is 553, which are arranged in descending order of 21 prescriptions, including Zhenwu Decoction, Zhigancao, and powder of five drugs containing poria. The second most frequently used prescription is Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure, but its systematic review and meta-analysis still need further research. A total of 17 clinical randomized controlled trials of Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure were included in the search, with a total of 1752 subjects. Meta-analysis results show that Zhigancao combined with conventional Western medicine is more effective than conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure. The advantages are the following 5 outcome indicators: total clinical effective rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, B-type natriuretic peptide, and 6-minute walk test. Conclusions There are many prescriptions combined with Western medicine to treat chronic heart failure, among which Zhigancao Decoction is the second most frequently used prescription. There are many original studies on Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure. The quality of the evaluation research shows that the overall standard is scientific, and a few experimental designs are slightly irregular. Meta-analysis shows that Zhigancao Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine has better therapeutic effects and safety than conventional Western medicine. This shows the characteristics and advantages of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and is worth recommending.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT): Clinical trials, guidelines, and target populations

Temporal trends in the outcomes of acute heart failure: between consolatory evidences and real progress.

Iron deficiency (ID) affects up to 50% of patients with heart failure (HF) with higher rates in decompensated, hospitalised patients.1 ID is associated with poor functional capacity and recurrent hospital admissions. The 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for management of HF advocate measurement of ferritin and Transferrin Saturations (TSAT) in all HF patients. ID is defined by serum ferritin All 111 (n=111) inpatients with a diagnosis of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), admitted between April–October 2016 were included. The mean age of the population was 75 (30­100), 37% female and 63% male. 64% (n=71) were anaemic (Male n=46, Female n=25) as defined by our laboratory haemoglobin reference ranges for gender. Only 51% (n=57) of all patients had Ferritin checked during admission or within 3 months of discharge with an average Ferritin of 161 mg/L (11–1432). 30.6% (n=34) of all patients had absolute iron deficiency (Ferritin 47.8% (n=53) died in the 1 year follow-up period with 9% (n=10) not surviving past the initial admission. Of the 101 patients surviving the initial admission, there was a total of 135 hospital admissions within the follow-up period, 58% (n=78) of which were directly related to HF. 11.7% of all patients (n=13) were prescribed oral iron therapy on discharge and only 2 out of all patients had intravenous iron therapy during admission or within 6 months of discharge. This study highlights the high readmission and mortality rates of hospitalised HF patients and that ID is an underdiagnosed comorbidity in this population. A new protocol has been proposed which involves mandatory testing of ferritin, and TSAT if required, at the time of diagnosis and during regular follow-up. Local research is underway to further evaluate the benefits of iron replacement in HF and the effects of the proposed protocol on this population. References . Cohen-Solal A, Damy T, Terbah M. High prevalence of iron deficiency in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail2014Sep;16(9):984–91. . Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2016Jul 14;37(27):2129–200.

In the article, the main provisions of the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and the Association for Heart Failure 2016 are presented in the abstract. The new classification is presented, the approaches to diagnostics and pharmacological treatment of chronic heart failure are highlighted, attention is paid to the prevention of development of clinically significant heart failure and multidisciplinary approach in managing patients with this pathology.

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

BackgroundN-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a valuable biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure in adults, included into the European Society Guidelines for heart failure (2016).1 It is...

The European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association Annual Congress.

Recently, results of several novel clinical trials on the pharmacological treatment of chronic heart failure have been published. In addition, the new European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure and a focused update by the ACC/AHA/HFSA on new pharmacological therapy for heart failure has been reported in 2016. This paper intends to provide an overview of the current state of the pharmacological treatment of chronic heart failure in the light of the new guidelines which incorporate the results of the new clinical trials. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(38), 1517-1521.