Abstract
Background: The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bacteria such as Klebsiella sp. in milk is a serious public health concern. Antibiotic resistance profile and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing Klebsiella sp. (ESBL-Kleb) from milk of healthy cow have not yet been reported in Bangladesh. This study aims to detect and characterize ESBL-Kleb from milk samples of the healthy cow in the smallholder dairy farm of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 100 milk samples were collected from apparently healthy cows of smallholder dairy farms. Klebsiella sp. was isolated from milk samples as per standard methods. The detection of ESBL-Kleb was done phenotypically by a double-disc synergy test. Subsequently, ESBL gene grouping of the isolates was done by multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the ESBL-Kleb isolates was done using the common 15 antimicrobials by the disc diffusion method. Results: In this study, Klebsiella sp. was isolated from 30 (30%) samples whereas 20 (67%) of the isolate was ESBL producer both phenotypically and genotypically with the presence of blaTEM and blaSHV individually or combined (blaTEM plusblaSHV). The ESBL-positive isolates were highly resistant against commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin (100%), ceftazidime (80%), cotrimoxazole/trimethoprim (40%), and oxytetracycline (30%). Most importantly multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in a high number of the ESBL-Kleb isolates. However, the isolates were 100% sensitive to drugs such as ceftriaxone imipenem, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, and cefepime. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of ESBL-Kleb in raw milk of healthy cow of smallholder dairy farm in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The presence of a high number of MDR ESBL-Kleb in raw milk of healthy cows of smallholder dairy farms might be alarming for public health.
Highlights
Klebsiella sp. is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of infectious diseases in humans, including septicemia, liver abscesses, diarrhea, and pneumonia (Guo et al, 2017)
40%, 33%, 20%, and 7% Klebsiella sp.were isolated from raw milk of healthy cow in small holder dairy farm from MymensinghSadar, Muktagaccha, Fulpur, andTarakanda, respectively (Table 1)
50%, 30%, and 20% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-Kleb were isolated from raw milk of healthy cow in small holder dairy farm from Mymensingh Sadar, Muktagaccha and Fulpur, respectively
Summary
Klebsiella sp. is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of infectious diseases in humans, including septicemia, liver abscesses, diarrhea, and pneumonia (Guo et al, 2017). Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is most commonly found in Klebsiella pneumoniae (Alipourfard and Nili, 2010, Badri et al, 2017). (ESBL-Kleb) from milk of healthy cow have not yet been reported in Bangladesh. This study aims to detect and characterize ESBL-Kleb from milk samples of the healthy cow in the smallholder dairy farm of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. The ESBL-positive isolates were highly resistant against commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin (100%), ceftazidime (80%), cotrimoxazole/trimethoprim (40%), and oxytetracycline (30%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of ESBL-Kleb in raw milk of healthy cow of smallholder dairy farm in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The presence of a high number of MDR ESBL-Kleb in raw milk of healthy cows of smallholder dairy farms might be alarming for public health.
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