Abstract
Biomarkers are needed in the treatment of lung cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), as the majority of patients will not benefit from ICI, or will even be harmed (pseudoprogression, immune related toxicity). This presentation will focus on NSCLC. Currently, for those without a targetable oncogenic driver, only programmed-death ligand1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells is used for treatment selection in the ESMO guideline on metastatic NSCLC. However, PD-L1 is not a perfect biomarker, as only 32% of patients with NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression (≥50%), treated with first line monotherapy pembrolizumab are alive after five years.
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