Erythropoietin attenuates propofol-induced hippocampal neuronal cell injury in developing rats by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 expression

Abstract

BackgroundThis study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on hippocampal neuronal cell injury in developing rats. MethodsThe hippocampal neurons cells were obtained from SD rats aged 10 days and divided into control, propofol, EPO, and propofol + erythropoietin (E + P) groups. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Ki-67 immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, respectively. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p65. Furthermore, TLR4 antagonist (TAK-242) and activator (LPS) were used to study the relationship between EPO and TLR4. ResultsPropofol treatment caused morphological and structural damage of hippocampal neurons. However, EPO significantly improved this damage, enhanced cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and pro-inflammatory factor content, up-regulated the expression of Ki-67, PCNA, Bcl-2, NGF, BDNF and NT-3, as well as decreased the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, TLR4 and p65 (p < 0.05). After TAK-242 or LPS treatment, it showed similar results in propofol + TAK-242 (T + P) group and E + P group. ConclusionErythropoietin could attenuate propofol-induced hippocampal neuronal cell injury in developing rats, which may be related to inhibit TLR4 expression.