Abstract
Erythromycin (Ery) is a commonly used veterinary drug that prevents infections and promotes the growth of farm animals. Ery is often detected in agricultural fields due to the effects of manure application in the ecosystem. However, there is a lack of information on Ery toxicity in crops. In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis to identify the molecular mechanisms of Ery toxicity during seedling growth based on our observation of a decrease in chlorophyll (Chl) contents using Brassica campestris. A total of 452 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified including a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO). The proteomic analysis according to gene ontology (GO) classification revealed that many of these DAPs responding to Ery treatment functioned in a cellular process and a metabolic process. The molecular function analysis showed that DAPs classified within catalytic activity were predominantly changed by Ery, including metabolite interconversion enzyme and protein modifying enzyme. An analysis of functional pathways using MapMan revealed that many photosynthesis components were downregulated, whereas many protein biosynthesis components were upregulated. A good relationship was observed between protein and transcript abundance in a photosynthetic pathway, as determined by qPCR analysis. These combined results suggest that Ery affects plant physiological activity by downregulating protein abundance in the photosynthetic pathway.
Highlights
Antibiotics have been used as chemotherapeutic agents in human and veterinary medicine for many decades, and the use of three biologically active molecules has increased globally [1,2].These substances affect agricultural environments due to human behaviors such as soil fertilization during composting of sludge or manure [3,4,5]
Chlorophyll contents in cotyledons were dramatically reduced by Ery (Figure 1C); both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were reduced as the total chlorophyll content was reduced (Figure S2)
(A) differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) encoded in chloroplastic genome in the photosynthetic pathway (B) DAP genes encoded in nuclear genome in photosynthetic pathway (C) Bra026951, a vacuolar ATPase protein (D) Bra030284 in the protein synthesis pathway (E) Bra008784 from an unassigned group
Summary
Antibiotics have been used as chemotherapeutic agents in human and veterinary medicine for many decades, and the use of three biologically active molecules has increased globally [1,2]. These substances affect agricultural environments due to human behaviors such as soil fertilization during composting of sludge or manure [3,4,5]. Agricultural crops are exquisitely sensitive to their external environments; climate conditions and soil nutrients affect plant growth and development as well as crop yield and quality [8,9]. Modern intensive and short-term monoculture requires high inputs of fertilizer and chemicals; composting is a common method to improve soil nutrient contents [12]
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