Eryngium foetidum Suppresses Inflammatory Mediators Produced by Macrophages

Chusana Mekhora,Pimjai Chingsuwanrote,Siriporn Tuntipopipat,Kaimuk Chasri,Saovaros Svasti,Suwitcha Dawilai,Channarong Muangnoi

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.653

Chusana Mekhora, Pimjai Chingsuwanrote + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.653

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Abstract

This study assessed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of E. foetidum leaf extract on LPS-activated murine macrophages. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with or without E. foetidum extract for 1 h prior to incubation with LPS for 24 h. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated with reference to iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression. In addition, NO and intracellular ROS generation were determined by Griess method and fluorescence intensity and activation of MAPKs and IκB by Western blotting. Prior treatment with E. foetidum leaf extract inhibited elevation of IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2, together with their cognate mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner. NO and intracellular ROS contents were similarly reduced. These effects were due to inhibition of LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 as well as IκB. E. foetidum ethanol extract was shown to contain lutein, β-carotenes, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and caffeic acid, compounds known to exert these bioactive properties. E. foetidum leaf extract possesses suppressive effects against pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, E. foetidum has a high potential to be used as a food supplement to reduce risk of cancer associated with inflammation.

Highlights

Inflammation is a physiological response that protects host against external and internal stimuli
Exposure of macrophages with LPS activates Nitric oxide (NO) generation from L-arginine through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity
IκB-α in RAW264.7 cells became phosphorylated after exposure to LPS, and the pretreatment of cells with E. foetidium leaf extract (70-140 μg/ml) effectively inhibited IκB-α phosphorylation (Figure 6).This indicates that E. foetidum extract mediates its inhibitory effect on LPSinduction of iNOS, COX-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 levels by partially inhibiting IκB-α phosphorylation

Summary

Introduction

Inflammation is a physiological response that protects host against external and internal stimuli. E. foetidum leaf extract inhibits LPS-induced iNOS gene expression and NO production Pretreatment with E. foetidum leaf extract significantly suppressed LPS-induced iNOS protein and mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 1B and 1C).

Results

Conclusion