Eruptive Activity Related to Solar Energetic Particle Events

Abstract

Solar energetic particle events are associated with solar activity, especially flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In this chapter a basic introduction is presented to the nature of flares and CMEs. Since both are manifestations of evolving magnetic fields in the solar corona, the chapter starts with a qualitative description of the magnetic structuring and electrodynamic coupling of the solar atmosphere. Flares and the radiative manifestations of energetic particles, i.e. bremsstrahlung, gyrosynchrotron and collective plasma emission of electrons, and nuclear gamma-ray emission are briefly presented. Observational evidence on the particle acceleration region in flares is given, as well as a very elementary qualitative overview of acceleration processes. Then CMEs, their origin and their association with shock waves are discussed, and related particle acceleration processes are briefly described.