Eruption pattern of the maxillary canines: features of natural eruption seen in PTG at the late mixed stage\u2014Part I

J Ristaniemi,J Iivari,R Lähdesmäki,W Rajala,T Karjalainen,E Melaluoto,P Pesonen

doi:10.1007/s40368-021-00650-1

J Ristaniemi, J Iivari + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-021-00650-1

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Abstract

AimTo describe the variation of eruption pattern of maxillary canines in the late mixed stage of dentition seen in PTG when eruption was later natural.MethodsMaterial for this longitudinal and retrospective register-based study consisted of 1454 PTGs of children living in Eastern Finland (mean age 9.3 years, SD 0.6). Natural eruption of a canine consisted of 744 PTGs (336 girls and 408 boys) including 1488 maxillary canines. The variables examined were treatment/natural eruption, overlapping, inclination, dental age, developmental stage of the canine and lateral incisor.ResultsOnly 2.0% of maxillary canines had clear overlapping and 56.2% no overlapping was detected at the age of 8.5–10.5 years. Large inclination angle (≥ 25°) was found for 5.5% of examined canines. Overlapping of canine with lateral incisor root decreased as the development of canine root exceeded 1/3. Larger inclinations occurred at earlier stages but decreased significantly as the root developed from 1/3 to 1/2. Mean inclination was significantly larger at children with normal dental age and/or incomplete lateral incisors when overlapping occurred. Regardless overlapping mean inclination was larger if dental age was delayed and/or lateral incisors incomplete.ConclusionSome overlapping and larger inclination in maxillary canine are features of normal eruption pattern at an earlier stage of canine development and while lateral incisor is incomplete in PTG (8.5–10.5 years). In addition to the overlapping and inclination, stages of canine and lateral incisor root as well as dental age should be observed radiologically when evaluating erupting maxillary canine in children of this age.

Highlights

Maxillary canine eruption disturbances are common clinical problems in the developing permanent dentition
P valueb 0.033 provides a general picture from which a dentist can evaluate the positions of the erupting maxillary canines
The aim of this work was to describe diagnostic indications by defining variation in the eruption pattern of maxillary permanent canines in the late mixed stage of the dentition based on a PTG taken a couple of years preceding their natural eruption into the oral cavity

Summary

Introduction

Maxillary canine eruption disturbances are common clinical problems in the developing permanent dentition. The eruption of the permanent canines located in the maxillary bone begins when the crowns are ready and root development starts. The permanent maxillary canines erupt into the oral cavity between the ages of 10–12 years (Haavikko 1970), but with a normal deviation of several years (Hurme 1949; Hägg and Taranger 1986). When a maxillary canine erupts normally into the oral cavity, the root is usually almost complete (Nolla 1960; Haavikko 1970). The manner of eruption of a maxillary canine is thought to be highly influenced by lateral incisor guidance (Broadbent 1941; Becker et al 1981; Brin et al 1986) as well as genetics (Peck et al 1994; Baccetti 1998; Peck 2009) and the space available in the dental arch (Jacoby 1983)

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