Erste Untersuchungen der Nachtaufnahmen von Städten des neuen Satelliten Suomi NPP

Abstract

Artificial lighting leads to a significant brightening of the night sky in areas of human activity, and can have negative impacts on humans and other animals. In addition, the energy generated to produce this light often leads to environmental pollution and CO2 emissions. For this reason, it is important to consider whether reduction in lighting is possible, and what areas should be targeted for reduction. The new instrument VIIRS on the Suomi NPP satellite detects the lights of Earth at night with a resolution of about 750 meters. This Bachelor thesis aims to examine the brightness of the brightest places (Peak Radiance) of a number of major cities (Megacities and of all the capitals in Europe) using nocturnal VIIRS images. The peak radiances of the ten largest airports by number of passengers were also examined. By comparing the VIIRS image to high resolution daytime imagery, it is possible to assess what type of region is responsible for the peak radiance in a city. It is found that the brightest areas of the examined cities are mainly located in city centers, industrial areas, and factories. The data from the complete set of cities is tested for relationships between peak radiance and population. A correlation is found for the European capitals, but not in the case of the Megacities. In the case of the Megacities, the relationship between peak radiance and development status (Human Development Index) of the countries is examined, and a correlation is found. Some similarities based on regional grouping were found for the European capitals, with Western European capitals being brightly lit, and Central European cities being lit most conservatively. Major differences (factor of 5) were found between the brightness of airports, despite small differences in the total number of passengers. The thesis concludes with recommendations for how energy could be saved and how light could be used more effectively without affecting the ability to safely use and enjoy lit areas at night. Stefanie Garz Erste Untersuchungen der Nachtaufnahmen von Stadten des neuen Satelliten Suomi NPP