Errors as Multistable Response Options

Abstract

Five simulations mimicked benchmark phenomena of intact and dyslexic word naming. Initially, an iterative map was tuned to simulate the frequency × consistency interaction in skilled naming. Subsequently, two model parameters were changed, in turn, to produce the regularization error of surface dyslexia (PINT pronounced to rhyme with /mint/), “absent” pseudoword (BINT) naming of phonological dyslexia (words are named correctly; pseudowords are not), the semantic error of deep dyslexia (BUSH named as /tree/), and a dissociation in picture naming of spoken versus written responses (the spoken response to a picture of a bush is /tree/, but the written response is BUSH). All errors, except “absent” pseudoword naming, were simulated as transcritical bifurcations.